Xov xwm - Nyob rau thaj chaw twg yog cov kav hlau loj loj siv dav dav?

Cov kav hlau loj loj (feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov kav hlau nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ≥114mm, nrog ≥200mm txhais tias loj nyob rau qee kis, nyob ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam) tau siv dav hauv cov tub ntxhais uas muaj "kev thauj mus los loj," "hnyav-lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa," thiab "siab-siab tej yam kev mob" vim lawv lub zog siab-kev muaj peev xwm, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm siab, muaj peev xwm tiv taus.

Zog: Ua kom lub zog thauj khoom thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom

Lub zog yog thawj daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam rau cov kav hlau loj. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog kev kub siab, kev ncua ntev, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Cov kav dej no yog siv los thauj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb xws li roj, nkev, roj, thee, thiab hluav taws xob.

1. Roj thiab roj tsheb thauj mus los: "aorta" ntawm cov kav dej ntev

Daim ntaub ntawv: Interregional roj thiab roj kav kav dej (xws li West-East Gas Pipeline thiab Tuam Tshoj-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline), kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev thauj mus los hauv cov roj av, thiab cov kav dej roj / roj rau cov roj av thiab roj av.
Hlau Yeeb Nkab Hom: Feem ntau muab kauv submerged arc welded yeeb nkab (LSAW) thiab ncaj seam submerged arc welded yeeb nkab (SSAW), nrog seamless steel yeeb nkab (xws li API 5L X80 / X90 qib) siv nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw siab.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Tiv thaiv kev kub siab ntawm 10-15 MPa (natural gas trunk kab), tiv thaiv av corrosion (onshore pipelines), thiab tiv thaiv seawater corrosion (offshore pipelines). Ib lub yeeb nkab ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 12-18 meters kom txo tau cov pob qij txha thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg. Piv txwv li: Tuam Tshoj-Russia East Line Natural Gas Pipeline (qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob deb txoj kab kav hauv Suav teb, nrog rau qee ntu siv 1422mm txoj kab uas hla steel kav), thiab Saudi-UAE hla ciam teb roj pipeline (steel kav 1200mm thiab loj dua).

API 5L Yeeb Nkab Ib Cov Yeeb Nkab Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob

2. Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob: Lub "zog txoj hauv kev" ntawm thermal/nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag

Hauv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, cov kav dej no tau siv rau hauv "plaub lub kav dej loj" (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav dej, cov kav dej ua kom sov, cov kav dej loj, thiab cov kav dej kub siab) los thauj cov cua kub, cov cua kub siab (kub ntawm 300-600 ° C thiab siab ntawm 10-30 MPa).

Nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab sector, kev ruaj ntseg-qib steel kav rau nuclear Islands (xws li reactor coolant kav) yuav tsum muaj zog hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab creep kuj. Austenitic stainless hlau seamless kav (xws li ASME SA312 TP316LN) feem ntau siv. Kev Txhawb Zog Tshiab: "Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob" (tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob siab) ntawm photovoltaic / cua fais fab hauv paus, thiab cov kav dej txuas mus ntev hydrogen (qee qhov kev sim ua haujlwm siv 300-800mm Φ corrosion-resistant steel kav).

Lub Nroog thiab Dej Conservancy Engineering: Lub "Lifeline" ntawm Lub Nroog thiab Tib Neeg Lub Neej

Kev thov nyob rau hauv lub nroog sector tsom rau "siab txaus, tsis tshua muaj txij nkawm, thiab adaptability rau nroog underground / deg ib puag ncig." Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los xyuas kom meej cov dej thiab cov kua dej rau cov neeg nyob thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog.

1. Water Supply and Drainage Engineering: Kev xa dej hauv nroog/Drainage Trunk Pipes
Kev Siv Dej Siv Dej: "Raw dej pipelines" los ntawm cov dej hauv nroog (reservoirs, dej ntws) mus rau cov nroj tsuag dej, thiab "cov kav dej hauv nroog" los ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej mus rau hauv nroog, xav tau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov dej ntws siab (piv txwv li, 600-2000mm Φ steel kav).
Kev Siv Dej: Hauv nroog "cov kav dej nag xob nag cua" (rau cov dej ntws sai ntawm dej nyab los ntawm nag hnyav) thiab "cov kav dej phwj tuaj" (rau kev thauj cov dej hauv tsev / kev lag luam mus rau cov dej phwj tuaj kho). Qee qhov siv cov kav hlau tsis muaj zog (xws li, cov kav dej yas-coated steel thiab cov cement mortar-lined steel kav).
Qhov zoo: Muab piv rau cov kav dej ua vaj tse, cov kav hlau steel yog lub teeb yuag, tiv taus kev tawg (ua kom yooj yim hauv nroog hauv av geology), thiab muab kev sib koom ua ke zoo heev (tiv thaiv cov dej phwj tuaj thiab av paug).

2. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Dej: Kev hloov pauv dej hauv nruab nrab thiab kev tswj dej nyab
Daim ntaub ntawv: Kev hloov pauv dej hauv nruab nrab (xws li "Yellow River Tunnel Pipeline" ntawm South-rau-North Water Diversion Project txoj kev nruab nrab), cov kav dej sib txawv thiab cov kav dej tawm dej nyab rau cov chaw khaws dej / cov chaw dej hauv dej, thiab cov kav dej sib txawv rau kev tswj xyuas dej nyab hauv nroog thiab dej.
Yam yuav tsum tau muaj: Ua kom muaj dej ntws tawm (ntev nrawm ntawm 2-5 m / s), tiv taus dej siab (qee lub kav dej tob yuav tsum tiv taus lub taub hau siab tshaj 10 m), thiab txoj kab uas hla tshaj 3000 mm (xws li, 3200 mm steel diversion yeeb nkab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower).

Industrial Manufacturing: Lub "Pob Txhaum" ntawm cov cuab yeej hnyav thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm

Kev lag luam kev lag luam muaj ntau yam kev xav tau, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "adaptability to heavy-duty condition and fulfilling the transport requirements of particular media," encompassing industries xws li metallurgy, chemicals, and machinery.

1. Kev lag luam metallurgy / hlau: Kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom kub kub
Daim ntaub ntawv: Steel mills 'blast furnace gas pipelines" (transporting high-temperature gas, 200-400 ° C), "steelmaking and nruam casting cooling water pipelines" (high-flow cooling of steel billets), and "slurry pipelines" (transporting iron ore slurry).
Hlau yeeb nkab yuav tsum: Kub-kub oxidation tsis kam (rau roj pipelines) thiab hnav tsis kam (rau slurries uas muaj cov khoom, yuav tsum tau hnav-resistant alloy steel kav). Txoj kab uas hla feem ntau yog los ntawm 200 mus rau 1000 mm.

2. Kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg / Petrochemical: Corrosive Media Tsheb thauj mus los
Daim ntaub ntawv: Raw cov raj xa dej hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj (xws li kua qaub thiab alkali daws, cov kuab tshuaj organic), catalytic cracking unit pipelines hauv petrochemical nroj tsuag (kub kub, siab-siab roj thiab roj), thiab tank tso pipelines (loj-diameter paug kav rau loj cia tso tsheb hlau luam).
Cov yeeb nkab steel: Corrosion-resistant alloy steel kav (xws li 316L stainless hlau) thiab yas- lossis roj hmab-lined steel kav (rau cov xov xwm corrosive heev) feem ntau yog siv. Qee cov kav dej siab siv 150-500mm seamless steel kav.

3. Heavy Machinery: Kev them nyiaj yug thiab Hydraulic Systems
Daim ntaub ntawv: Hydraulic cylinder chim nyob rau hauv kev tsim machinery (excavators thiab cranes) (qee qhov loj-tonnage khoom siv 100-300mm seamless steel kav), txaj txhawb steel kav hauv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab loj, thiab sab hauv ntaiv / cable tiv thaiv kav (150-300mm) nyob rau sab ntug dej hiav txwv cua turbine yees.

Infrastructure thiab Tsheb thauj mus los: "Structural Load-Bearing Components" rau cov phiaj xwm loj

Hauv cov phiaj xwm loj xws li txuas hniav, tunnels, thiab tshav dav hlau, cov kav hlau loj loj tsis yog tsuas yog "cov kav xa hluav taws xob" nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog "cov khoom siv" uas muaj cov khoom thauj lossis kev tiv thaiv.

1. Choj Engineering: Qhob-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges / Pier kab
Daim ntaub ntawv: "Main arch ribs" ntawm qhov ntev-ntev arch txuas hniav (xws li Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Choj, uas siv 1200-1600mm Φ qhob-filled steel tube arch ribs puv nrog pob zeb, sib txuas lub zog tensile ntawm steel hlab nrog compressive lub zog ntawm pob zeb), thiab "protives" (protectives) dej erosion).
Qhov zoo: Muab piv rau cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ua kom muaj lub cev muaj zog, yooj yim rau kev tsim kho (tuaj yeem tsim ua ntej hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw), thiab muaj qhov ntev (txog 500 meters lossis ntau dua).

2. Tunnels thiab Rail Transit: Qhov cua thiab kev tiv thaiv Cable
Kev Siv Qhov Ncauj: "Qhov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej" (rau cov huab cua ntshiab, txoj kab uas hla 800-1500mm) hauv txoj kev loj / railway tunnels, thiab "Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob" (rau cov dej ntws siab thaum muaj hluav taws kub).
Rail Transit: "Cov kav dej hauv av hauv av" (rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob siab, qee qhov ua los ntawm 200-400mm yas-coated steel yeeb nkab) hauv subways / high-speed rail systems, thiab "Catenary Column Casings" (steel columns support the power grid).

3. Tshav dav hlau / Chaw nres nkoj: Cov kav dej tshwj xeeb
Tshav dav hlau: "Rainwater Drainage Pipes" (txoj kab uas hla loj 600-1200mm) rau kev khiav dej num los tiv thaiv kev khiav dej num thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab tsaws, thiab "Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Chilled Water Main Pipes" (rau cov dej txias txias rau kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias) hauv cov tuam tsev.
Chaw nres nkoj: "Oil Transfer Arm Pipelines" (txuas txuas cov tankers thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thauj cov roj av / cov khoom siv roj ua kom zoo, txoj kab uas hla 300-800mm) ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab "Tebchaws Tsheb Thauj Khoom" (rau thauj cov khoom thauj ntau xws li cov thee thiab ore).

Lwm Daim Ntawv Thov Tshwj Xeeb: Niche tab sis tseem ceeb heev

Kev Lag Luam Tub Rog: Warship "seawater cooling pipes" (tsis kam rau seawater corrosion), tank "hydraulic kab" (loj-inch high-pressure seamless kav), thiab missile launcher "txhawb steel kav."

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Geological: Deepwater zoo "casings" (tiv thaiv phab ntsa zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, qee qhov siv Φ300-500mm seamless steel kav), shale gas extraction "kab rov tav zoo pipelines" (rau high-pressure fracturing fluid xa).

Agricultural Irrigation: Loj-loj ua liaj ua teb cov dej txuag "cov kav dej kav dej" (xws li cov kav dej / cov twj tso dej hauv cov kav dej hauv thaj av qaum teb sab hnub poob, nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm Φ200-600mm).